1、 Delayed operation

通常，發電機勵磁系統處于過勵磁狀態時，既向系統輸送有功功率又輸送無功功率，功率因數為正，這種運行狀態稱為遲相運行，也稱滯相運行。

Usually, when the generator excitation system is in an overexcited state, it transmits both active and reactive power to the system, with a positive power factor. This operating state is called delayed phase operation, also known as delayed phase operation.

二、進相運行

2、 Leading phase operation

減少發電機勵磁電流，使發電機電勢減小，功率因數角就變為超前的，發電機負荷電流產生助磁電摳反應，發電機向系統輸送有功功率，但吸收無功功率，這種運行狀態稱為進相運行，

Reduce the excitation current of the generator, reduce the generator potential, and the power factor angle becomes advanced. The load current of the generator generates a magnetic and electric response, and the generator delivers active power to the system but absorbs reactive power. This operating state is called leading phase operation,

三、調相運行

3、 Phase modulation operation

調相運行，是指發電機不發出有功功率，只用來向電網輸送感性無功功率的運行狀態，從而起到調節系統無功、維持系統電壓水平的作用。發電機遲相、進相、調相的區別和聯系

Phase modulation operation refers to the operating state of a generator that does not emit active power but only transmits inductive reactive power to the power grid, thereby regulating system reactive power and maintaining system voltage level. Differences and connections between delayed phase, leading phase, and phase modulation of generators

同步發電機的幾種并網運行狀態

Several grid connected operation states of synchronous generators

1、遲相運行(常態運行)---發電機向電網同時送出有功功率和無功功率(容性}.

1. Delayed phase operation (normal operation) - The generator simultaneously sends active and reactive power to the power grid (capacitive)

2、進相運行(超前運行)----發電機向電網送出有功功率，吸收電網無功功率。

2. Leading phase operation (leading operation) - The generator sends active power to the grid and absorbs reactive power from the grid.

3、，調相運行---發電機吸收電網的有功功率維持同步運轉，向電網送出無功功率

3. Phase modulation operation - the generator absorbs active power from the power grid to maintain synchronous operation and sends reactive power to the grid

(容性).

(Compatibility)

4、電動機運行(非正常運行)-發電機同時吸收電網的有功功率和無功功率維持同步運行前三種運行狀態都是同步發電機的正常運行狀態，第 2、第4種運行狀態應避免，

4. Motor operation (abnormal operation) - The generator absorbs both active and reactive power from the power grid to maintain synchronous operation. The first three operating states are the normal operating states of the synchronous generator, and the second and fourth operating states should be avoided,

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